How this calculator works
Enter the values for value, rate (%) and review the units before calculating.
Formula / method
pH = −log10[H⁺]
Worked example
A hydrogen ion concentration of 0.001 mol/L gives pH 3.
Assumptions and limitations
The supplied concentration is positive and represents hydrogen-ion activity closely enough for this estimate.
Very concentrated solutions require activity corrections; pH is not a direct measure of safety.