How this calculator works
Enter lens mass (solar masses), lens distance (mpc), source distance (mpc), alignment fraction. CalcStack applies the displayed formula and reports each intermediate planning value with the units shown.
Formula / method
Einstein angle = √(4GM/c² × Dls/(DlDs))
Worked example
Use the documented default inputs to model gravitational lens scale.
Assumptions and limitations
Inputs represent stable average operating conditions and the displayed equation applies.
This is a planning model; real systems and measurements can require domain-specific corrections.